Computer Organization and Architecture

Objective

• To impact the basic idea of Memory, system organization and Architecture of Computer.

Course Outcomes

• Basic structure of a digital computer
• Be familiar with the history and development of modern computers,
• Arithmetic operations of binary number system
• The organization of the Control unit, Arithmetic and Logical unit, Memory unit and the I/O unit.
• Be familiar with the basic knowledge the design of digital logic circuits and apply to computer organization.
• Students will understand the uses for cache memory.
• Students will understand a wide variety of memory technologies both internal and external.

Syllabus

Module I (13 hours)

Basic structure of computer hardware and software – addressing methods – computer arithmetic –  number representations –  fast  adders  –  fast  multiplication –  integer division –  floating point numbers and operations.

Module II (13 hours)

The  processing  unit   –    instruction  execution   cycle   –    sequencing of  control  signals   – hardwired  control  –   microprogrammed  control  –   control  signals  –   micro  instructions  – microprogram sequencing –  branch address modification  – prefetching of micro instructions.

Module III (13 hours)

Memory organization –  Semiconductor RAM memories –  internal organization –  Bipolar and  MOS devices  –   Dynamic memories –   multiple memory  modules and  interleaving – cache memories-mapping functions –  replacement  algorithms  –  virtual  memory  –  address translation  – page tables –  memory management units –  Secondary memory –  disk drives – organization and operations.

Module IV (13 hours)

Input-output  organizations-accessing I/O  devices-direct  memory  access  (DMA)  – interrupts- interrupt  handling-handling multiple devices-device identification -vectored interrupts  – interrupt nesting – Daisy chaining – I/O interfaces – serial and parallel standards – buses – scheduling- bus arbitration-bus standards.  Introduction to parallel organizations  – multiple processor organization- symmetric   multiprocessors  -cache  coherence  – non  uniform  memory  access  vector computation – introduction to CISC and RISC architectures – comparisons

Text Books

1. Hamacher C.V, Computer Organisation, McGraw Hill.
2. Morris Mano, Computer system architecture, Pearson.
3. John P Hayes, Computer Architecture and Organization McGraw Hill.

Reference Books

1. William Stallings, Computer Architecture and Organization, Pearson.
2. Patterson D. A & Hennessy J. L, Computer Organization & Design, Morgan Kaufman.